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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rainer Weiss</span></h1>
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<p><b>Rainer Weiss</b> (genannt <b>Rai Weiss</b>; * <a href="29._September" title="29. September">29. September</a> <a href="1932" title="1932">1932</a> in <a href="Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>; † <a href="25._August" title="25. August">25. August</a> <a href="2025" title="2025">2025</a> in <a href="Cambridge_(Massachusetts)" title="Cambridge (Massachusetts)">Cambridge</a>, <a href="Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>) war ein <a href="Vereinigte_Staaten" title="Vereinigte Staaten">US-amerikanischer</a> <a href="Physiker" title="Physiker">Physiker</a>.
</p><p>Weiss war einer der führenden Wissenschaftler beim <a href="LIGO" title="LIGO">LIGO</a>-Projekt für Messungen mit <a href="Gravitationswellendetektor" title="Gravitationswellendetektor">Gravitationswellendetektoren</a>. 2017 wurde ihm gemeinsam mit <a href="Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Kip Thorne</a> und <a href="Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barry Barish</a> der <a href="Nobelpreis_f%C3%BCr_Physik" title="Nobelpreis für Physik">Nobelpreis für Physik</a> für „entscheidende Beiträge zum LIGO-Detektor und die Beobachtung von <a href="Gravitationswelle" title="Gravitationswelle">Gravitationswellen</a>“ zuerkannt.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leben">Leben</h2></div>
<p>Rainer Weiss war eines von zwei Kindern aus einer jüdisch-christlichen Familie. Sein Vater Friedrich Weiss war Neurologe, Kommunist und Freund der Familie <a href="Walther_Rathenau" title="Walther Rathenau">Rathenau</a>. Seine Familie floh vor den Nationalsozialisten in Deutschland zunächst nach <a href="Prag" title="Prag">Prag</a> und 1938 weiter in die USA.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Weiss ging in <a href="New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> zur Schule (Columbia Grammar School) und studierte am <a href="Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> (MIT), wo er 1955 seinen <a href="Bachelor" title="Bachelor">Bachelor-Abschluss</a> machte und 1962 bei <a href="Jerrold_Zacharias" title="Jerrold Zacharias">Jerrold Zacharias</a> <a href="Promoviert" class="mw-redirect" title="Promoviert">promoviert</a> wurde.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Als <a href="Post-Doktorand" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-Doktorand">Post-Doktorand</a> war er bis 1962 an der <a href="Tufts_University" title="Tufts University">Tufts University</a> als Instructor und <a href="Assistant_Professor" title="Assistant Professor">Assistant Professor</a> und danach an der <a href="Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, wo er mit <a href="Robert_Dicke" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Dicke">Robert Dicke</a> und <a href="David_Todd_Wilkinson" title="David Todd Wilkinson">David Todd Wilkinson</a> zusammenarbeitete. Ab 1964 war er als Assistant Professor am MIT, wo er 1967 <a href="Associate_Professor" class="mw-redirect" title="Associate Professor">Associate Professor</a> und 1973 Professor wurde. Seit 2001 war er dort Professor Emeritus und gleichzeitig <a href="Adjunct_Professor" class="mw-redirect" title="Adjunct Professor">Adjunct Professor</a> an der <a href="Louisiana_State_University" title="Louisiana State University">Louisiana State University</a>.
</p><p>Zu seinen Doktoranden zählen <a href="Nergis_Mavalvala" title="Nergis Mavalvala">Nergis Mavalvala</a> und <a href="Rana_Adhikari" title="Rana Adhikari">Rana Adhikari</a>.
</p><p>Weiss starb am 25. August 2025 im Alter von 92 Jahren.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Werk">Werk</h2></div>
<p>Weiss befasste sich anfangs mit Atomphysik und der Entwicklung von <a href="Atomuhr" title="Atomuhr">Atomuhren</a>. Er war in den 1970er Jahren einer der Pioniere bei der Messung des <a href="Kosmischer_Mikrowellenhintergrund" class="mw-redirect" title="Kosmischer Mikrowellenhintergrund">Kosmischen Mikrowellenhintergrunds</a> mit Ballonmessungen und war dann leitend am <a href="Cosmic_Background_Explorer" title="Cosmic Background Explorer">COBE-Satellit</a> zu dessen Messung beteiligt.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ende der 1980er Jahre spielte er eine führende Rolle bei der Entwicklung der Laserinterferometer für Gravitationswellendetektoren, was ins LIGO-Projekt mündete.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ehrungen_und_Mitgliedschaften">Ehrungen und Mitgliedschaften</h2></div>
<p>1991 erhielt er die Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal der NASA für das COBE-Programm. Er war Mitglied der <a href="American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a>, der <a href="New_York_Academy_of_Sciences" title="New York Academy of Sciences">New York Academy of Sciences</a>, der <a href="National_Academy_of_Sciences" title="National Academy of Sciences">National Academy of Sciences</a> und der <a href="American_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="American Academy of Arts and Sciences">American Academy of Arts and Sciences</a> sowie Fellow der <a href="American_Physical_Society" title="American Physical Society">American Physical Society</a> (APS). 2000 war er Guggenheim Fellow und 2007 erhielt er den Einstein Prize der APS. 2006 erhielt er als Teil des COBE-Teams den <a href="Gruber-Preis_f%C3%BCr_Kosmologie" title="Gruber-Preis für Kosmologie">Gruber-Preis in Kosmologie</a>, 2016 erneut, gemeinsam mit anderen in dem <a href="LIGO" title="LIGO">LIGO</a>-Team. Ebenfalls 2016 erhielt er den <a href="Breakthrough_Prize_in_Fundamental_Physics" title="Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics">Special Fundamental Physics Prize</a> sowie den <a href="Shaw_Prize" title="Shaw Prize">Shaw Prize</a>, den <a href="Kavli-Preis" title="Kavli-Preis">Kavli-Preis</a> und den <a href="Harvey-Preis" title="Harvey-Preis">Harvey-Preis</a>. Seit 2016 zählte ihn <a href="Thomson_Reuters" title="Thomson Reuters">Thomson Reuters</a> aufgrund der Zahl seiner <a href="Zitierung" class="mw-redirect" title="Zitierung">Zitierungen</a> zu den Favoriten auf einen <a href="Nobelpreis" title="Nobelpreis">Nobelpreis</a> (<a href="Thomson_Reuters_Citation_Laureates" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomson Reuters Citation Laureates">Thomson Reuters Citation Laureates</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Für 2017 wurden ihm der <a href="Willis-E.-Lamb-Preis" title="Willis-E.-Lamb-Preis">Willis-E.-Lamb-Preis</a> und der <a href="Prinzessin-von-Asturien-Preis" title="Prinzessin-von-Asturien-Preis">Prinzessin-von-Asturien-Preis</a> zugesprochen. Ebenfalls 2017 erhielt er den Nobelpreis für Physik für seine entscheidenden Beiträge zum LIGO-Detektor und der Observation von Gravitationswellen.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2018 wurde Weiss mit dem <a href="Joseph-Weber-Preis_f%C3%BCr_astronomische_Instrumentierung" title="Joseph-Weber-Preis für astronomische Instrumentierung">Joseph-Weber-Preis für astronomische Instrumentierung</a> ausgezeichnet.
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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Schriften">Schriften</h2></div>
<ul><li><i>Gravitational Radiation.</i> In: <i>Reviews of Modern Physics.</i> Centennial Issue 1999</li>
<li>mit Barish: <i>LIGO and the Detection of Gravitational Waves</i> In: <i><a href="Physics_Today" title="Physics Today">Physics Today</a>.</i> Oktober 1999</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rainer_Weiss?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Rainer Weiss</a></span></b>&nbsp;– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>
<ul><li><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.mit.edu/physics/people/faculty/weiss_rainer.html"><i>Rainer Weiss.</i></a> <a href="MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>, Department of Physics<span style="display:none">;</span><span class="Abrufdatum" style="display:none"> abgerufen am 27.&nbsp;August 2025</span> (amerikanisches Englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ARainer+Weiss&amp;rft.title=Rainer+Weiss&amp;rft.description=Rainer+Weiss&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.mit.edu%2Fphysics%2Fpeople%2Ffaculty%2Fweiss_rainer.html&amp;rft.publisher=%5B%5BMIT%5D%5D%2C+Department+of+Physics&amp;rft.language=en-US">&nbsp;</span></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.aip.org/phn/11603006.html"><i>Rainer Weiss.</i></a> In: <i>Physics History Network.</i> American Institute of Physics (englisch)<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=100525">Rainer Weiss</a> im <a href="Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a> (englisch) <span style="display:none">Vorlage:MathGenealogyProject/Wartung/id verwendet</span></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/content/article/remembering-rainer-weiss-inventor-gravitational-wave-detector"><i>Remembering Rainer Weiss, inventor of the gravitational wave detector.</i></a> Nachruf in <i><a href="Science" title="Science">Science</a></i> vom 27. August 2025.</li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-02816-z"><i>Rainer Weiss obituary: Nobel laureate who pioneered the technique that detected gravitational waves.</i></a> Nachruf in <i><a href="Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a></i> vom 8. September 2025.</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2017/">Nobelpreis für Physik 2017.</a></span>
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<li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261891140">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */


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</style><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171013133206/http://www.kavliprize.org/sites/default/files/Rainer%20Weiss%20autobiography.pdf">Rainer Weiss Biography</a> (<span class="webarchiv-memento"><a href="Webarchivierung#Begrifflichkeiten" title="Webarchivierung">Memento</a></span> vom 13. Oktober 2017 im <i><a href="Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></i>), <a href="Kavli-Preis" title="Kavli-Preis">Kavli-Preis</a>, abgerufen am 3. Oktober 2017 (en.).</span>
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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=100525">Rainer Weiss</a> im <a href="Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a> (englisch)&nbsp;abgerufen am 28. August 2025.&nbsp; <span style="display:none">Vorlage:MathGenealogyProject/Wartung/id verwendetVorlage:MathGenealogyProject/Wartung/name verwendet</span></span>
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<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2025/08/26/science/rainer-weiss-dead.html"><i>Rainer Weiss, Who Gave a Nod to Einstein and the Big Bang, Dies at 92.</i></a> In: <i>New York Times.</i> 26.&nbsp;August 2025,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 27.&nbsp;August 2025</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ARainer+Weiss&amp;rft.title=Rainer+Weiss%2C+Who+Gave+a+Nod+to+Einstein+and+the+Big+Bang%2C+Dies+at+92&amp;rft.description=Rainer+Weiss%2C+Who+Gave+a+Nod+to+Einstein+and+the+Big+Bang%2C+Dies+at+92&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2025%2F08%2F26%2Fscience%2Frainer-weiss-dead.html&amp;rft.date=2025-08-26&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Weiss <i>Measurements of the Cosmic Background Radiation</i>, Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Band 18, 1980, S. 489, <i>The COBE Project</i>, Physica Scripta, Band 21, 1980, S. 670.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/web-of-science-predicts-2016-nobel-prize-winners-300331557.html"><i>Web of Science Predicts 2016 Nobel Prize Winners.</i></a> PR Newswire, 21.&nbsp;September 2016,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 9.&nbsp;Mai 2019</span> (englisch).</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ARainer+Weiss&amp;rft.title=Web+of+Science+Predicts+2016+Nobel+Prize+Winners&amp;rft.description=Web+of+Science+Predicts+2016+Nobel+Prize+Winners&amp;rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prnewswire.com%2Fnews-releases%2Fweb-of-science-predicts-2016-nobel-prize-winners-300331557.html&amp;rft.publisher=PR+Newswire&amp;rft.date=2016-09-21&amp;rft.language=en">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzz.ch/wissenschaft/physik/nobelpreis-physik-2017-ld.1317885"><i>Rainer Weiss, Barry C. Barish und Kip S. Thorne erhalten den Nobelpreis für Physik</i></a>, <a href="Neue_Z%C3%BCrcher_Zeitung" title="Neue Zürcher Zeitung">Neue Zürcher Zeitung</a>, 3. Oktober 2017.</span>
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<div class="klappleiste-kopf"><a href="Liste_der_Nobelpreistr%C3%A4ger_f%C3%BCr_Physik" title="Liste der Nobelpreisträger für Physik">Träger des Nobelpreises für Physik</a></div>
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<p>1901:&nbsp;<a href="Wilhelm_Conrad_R%C3%B6ntgen" title="Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen">Röntgen</a>&nbsp;|
1902:&nbsp;<a href="Hendrik_Antoon_Lorentz" title="Hendrik Antoon Lorentz">Lorentz</a>, <a href="Pieter_Zeeman" title="Pieter Zeeman">Zeeman</a>&nbsp;|
1903:&nbsp;<a href="Henri_Becquerel" title="Henri Becquerel">Becquerel</a>, <a href="Marie_Curie" title="Marie Curie">M.&nbsp;Curie</a>, <a href="Pierre_Curie" title="Pierre Curie">P.&nbsp;Curie</a>&nbsp;|
1904:&nbsp;<a href="John_Strutt%2C_3._Baron_Rayleigh" title="John Strutt, 3. Baron Rayleigh">Rayleigh</a>&nbsp;|
1905:&nbsp;<a href="Philipp_Lenard" title="Philipp Lenard">Lenard</a>&nbsp;|
1906:&nbsp;<a href="Joseph_John_Thomson" title="Joseph John Thomson">J.&nbsp;J.&nbsp;Thomson</a>&nbsp;|
1907:&nbsp;<a href="Albert_Abraham_Michelson" title="Albert Abraham Michelson">Michelson</a>&nbsp;|
1908:&nbsp;<a href="Gabriel_Lippmann" title="Gabriel Lippmann">Lippmann</a>&nbsp;|
1909:&nbsp;<a href="Ferdinand_Braun" title="Ferdinand Braun">Braun</a>, <a href="Guglielmo_Marconi" title="Guglielmo Marconi">Marconi</a>&nbsp;|
1910:&nbsp;<a href="Johannes_Diderik_van_der_Waals" title="Johannes Diderik van der Waals">van&nbsp;der&nbsp;Waals</a>&nbsp;|
1911:&nbsp;<a href="Wilhelm_Wien" title="Wilhelm Wien">Wien</a>&nbsp;|
1912:&nbsp;<a href="Gustaf_Dal%C3%A9n" title="Gustaf Dalén">Dalén</a>&nbsp;|
1913:&nbsp;<a href="Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes" title="Heike Kamerlingh Onnes">Kamerlingh&nbsp;Onnes</a>&nbsp;|
1914:&nbsp;<a href="Max_von_Laue" title="Max von Laue">Laue</a>&nbsp;|
1915:&nbsp;<a href="William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">W.&nbsp;H.&nbsp;Bragg</a>, <a href="William_Lawrence_Bragg" title="William Lawrence Bragg">W.&nbsp;L.&nbsp;Bragg</a>&nbsp;|
1916:&nbsp;<i>nicht verliehen</i>&nbsp;|
1917:&nbsp;<a href="Charles_Glover_Barkla" title="Charles Glover Barkla">Barkla</a>&nbsp;|
1918:&nbsp;<a href="Max_Planck" title="Max Planck">Planck</a>&nbsp;|
1919:&nbsp;<a href="Johannes_Stark" title="Johannes Stark">Stark</a>&nbsp;|
1920:&nbsp;<a href="Charles_%C3%89douard_Guillaume" title="Charles Édouard Guillaume">Guillaume</a>&nbsp;|
1921:&nbsp;<a href="Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a>&nbsp;|
1922:&nbsp;<a href="Niels_Bohr" title="Niels Bohr">N. Bohr</a>&nbsp;|
1923:&nbsp;<a href="Robert_Andrews_Millikan" title="Robert Andrews Millikan">Millikan</a>&nbsp;|
1924:&nbsp;<a href="Manne_Siegbahn" title="Manne Siegbahn">M. Siegbahn</a>&nbsp;|
1925:&nbsp;<a href="James_Franck" title="James Franck">Franck</a>, <a href="Gustav_Hertz" title="Gustav Hertz">Hertz</a>&nbsp;|
1926:&nbsp;<a href="Jean_Perrin" title="Jean Perrin">Perrin</a>&nbsp;|
1927:&nbsp;<a href="Arthur_Holly_Compton" title="Arthur Holly Compton">Compton</a>, <a href="Charles_Thomson_Rees_Wilson" title="Charles Thomson Rees Wilson">C.&nbsp;T.&nbsp;R.&nbsp;Wilson</a>&nbsp;|
1928:&nbsp;<a href="Owen_Willans_Richardson" title="Owen Willans Richardson">O. W. Richardson</a>&nbsp;|
1929:&nbsp;<a href="Louis_de_Broglie" title="Louis de Broglie">de&nbsp;Broglie</a>&nbsp;|
1930:&nbsp;<a href="C._V._Raman" title="C. V. Raman">Raman</a>&nbsp;|
1931:&nbsp;<i>nicht&nbsp;verliehen</i>&nbsp;|
1932:&nbsp;<a href="Werner_Heisenberg" title="Werner Heisenberg">Heisenberg</a>&nbsp;|
1933:&nbsp;<a href="Erwin_Schr%C3%B6dinger" title="Erwin Schrödinger">Schrödinger</a>, <a href="Paul_Dirac" title="Paul Dirac">Dirac</a>&nbsp;|
1934:&nbsp;<i>nicht verliehen</i>&nbsp;|
1935:&nbsp;<a href="James_Chadwick" title="James Chadwick">Chadwick</a>&nbsp;|
1936:&nbsp;<a href="Victor_Franz_Hess" title="Victor Franz Hess">Hess</a>, <a href="Carl_David_Anderson" title="Carl David Anderson">C.&nbsp;D.&nbsp;Anderson</a>&nbsp;|
1937:&nbsp;<a href="Clinton_Davisson" title="Clinton Davisson">Davisson</a>, <a href="George_Paget_Thomson" title="George Paget Thomson">G.&nbsp;P.&nbsp;Thomson</a>&nbsp;|
1938:&nbsp;<a href="Enrico_Fermi" title="Enrico Fermi">Fermi</a>&nbsp;|
1939:&nbsp;<a href="Ernest_Lawrence" title="Ernest Lawrence">Lawrence</a>&nbsp;|
1940–1942:&nbsp;<i>nicht verliehen</i>&nbsp;|
1943:&nbsp;<a href="Otto_Stern_(Physiker)" title="Otto Stern (Physiker)">Stern</a>&nbsp;|
1944:&nbsp;<a href="Isidor_Isaac_Rabi" title="Isidor Isaac Rabi">Rabi</a>&nbsp;|
1945:&nbsp;<a href="Wolfgang_Pauli" title="Wolfgang Pauli">Pauli</a>&nbsp;|
1946:&nbsp;<a href="Percy_Williams_Bridgman" title="Percy Williams Bridgman">Bridgman</a>&nbsp;|
1947:&nbsp;<a href="Edward_Victor_Appleton" title="Edward Victor Appleton">Appleton</a>&nbsp;|
1948:&nbsp;<a href="Patrick_Blackett%2C_Baron_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett, Baron Blackett">Blackett</a>&nbsp;|
1949:&nbsp;<a href="Hideki_Yukawa" title="Hideki Yukawa">Yukawa</a>&nbsp;|
1950:&nbsp;<a href="Cecil_Powell" title="Cecil Powell">Powell</a>&nbsp;|
1951:&nbsp;<a href="John_Cockcroft" title="John Cockcroft">Cockcroft</a>, <a href="Ernest_Walton" title="Ernest Walton">Walton</a>&nbsp;|
1952:&nbsp;<a href="Felix_Bloch" title="Felix Bloch">Bloch</a>, <a href="Edward_Mills_Purcell" title="Edward Mills Purcell">Purcell</a>&nbsp;|
1953:&nbsp;<a href="Frits_Zernike" title="Frits Zernike">Zernike</a>&nbsp;|
1954:&nbsp;<a href="Max_Born" title="Max Born">Born</a>, <a href="Walther_Bothe" title="Walther Bothe">Bothe</a>&nbsp;|
1955:&nbsp;<a href="Willis_Eugene_Lamb" title="Willis Eugene Lamb">Lamb</a>, <a href="Polykarp_Kusch" title="Polykarp Kusch">Kusch</a>&nbsp;|
1956:&nbsp;<a href="William_Bradford_Shockley" title="William Bradford Shockley">Shockley</a>, <a href="John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a>, <a href="Walter_Houser_Brattain" title="Walter Houser Brattain">Brattain</a>&nbsp;|
1957:&nbsp;<a href="Chen_Ning_Yang" title="Chen Ning Yang">Yang</a>, <a href="Tsung-Dao_Lee" title="Tsung-Dao Lee">T.-D.&nbsp;Lee</a>&nbsp;|
1958:&nbsp;<a href="Pawel_Alexejewitsch_Tscherenkow" title="Pawel Alexejewitsch Tscherenkow">Tscherenkow</a>, <a href="Ilja_Michailowitsch_Frank" title="Ilja Michailowitsch Frank">Frank</a>, <a href="Igor_Jewgenjewitsch_Tamm" title="Igor Jewgenjewitsch Tamm">Tamm</a>&nbsp;|
1959:&nbsp;<a href="Emilio_Segr%C3%A8" title="Emilio Segrè">Segrè</a>, <a href="Owen_Chamberlain" title="Owen Chamberlain">Chamberlain</a>&nbsp;|
1960:&nbsp;<a href="Donald_Arthur_Glaser" title="Donald Arthur Glaser">Glaser</a>&nbsp;|
1961:&nbsp;<a href="Robert_Hofstadter" title="Robert Hofstadter">Hofstadter</a>, <a href="Rudolf_M%C3%B6%C3%9Fbauer" title="Rudolf Mößbauer">Mößbauer</a>&nbsp;|
1962:&nbsp;<a href="Lew_Dawidowitsch_Landau" title="Lew Dawidowitsch Landau">Landau</a>&nbsp;|
1963:&nbsp;<a href="Eugene_Paul_Wigner" title="Eugene Paul Wigner">Wigner</a>, <a href="Maria_Goeppert-Mayer" title="Maria Goeppert-Mayer">Goeppert-Mayer</a>, <a href="Johannes_Hans_Daniel_Jensen" title="Johannes Hans Daniel Jensen">Jensen</a>&nbsp;|
1964:&nbsp;<a href="Charles_Hard_Townes" title="Charles Hard Townes">Townes</a>, <a href="Nikolai_Gennadijewitsch_Bassow" title="Nikolai Gennadijewitsch Bassow">Bassow</a>, <a href="Alexander_Michailowitsch_Prochorow" title="Alexander Michailowitsch Prochorow">Prochorow</a>&nbsp;|
1965:&nbsp;<a href="Richard_Feynman" title="Richard Feynman">Feynman</a>, <a href="Julian_Seymour_Schwinger" title="Julian Seymour Schwinger">Schwinger</a>, <a href="Shin%E2%80%99ichir%C5%8D_Tomonaga" title="Shin’ichirō Tomonaga">Tomonaga</a>&nbsp;|
1966:&nbsp;<a href="Alfred_Kastler" title="Alfred Kastler">Kastler</a>&nbsp;|
1967:&nbsp;<a href="Hans_Bethe" title="Hans Bethe">Bethe</a>&nbsp;|
1968:&nbsp;<a href="Luis_Walter_Alvarez" title="Luis Walter Alvarez">Alvarez</a>&nbsp;|
1969:&nbsp;<a href="Murray_Gell-Mann" title="Murray Gell-Mann">Gell-Mann</a>&nbsp;|
1970:&nbsp;<a href="Hannes_Alfv%C3%A9n" title="Hannes Alfvén">Alfvén</a>, <a href="Louis_N%C3%A9el" title="Louis Néel">Néel</a>&nbsp;|
1971:&nbsp;<a href="Dennis_G%C3%A1bor" title="Dennis Gábor">Gábor</a>&nbsp;|
1972:&nbsp;<a href="John_Bardeen" title="John Bardeen">Bardeen</a>, <a href="Leon_Neil_Cooper" title="Leon Neil Cooper">Cooper</a>, <a href="John_Robert_Schrieffer" title="John Robert Schrieffer">Schrieffer</a>&nbsp;|
1973:&nbsp;<a href="Leo_Esaki" title="Leo Esaki">Esaki</a>, <a href="Ivar_Giaever" title="Ivar Giaever">Giaever</a>, <a href="Brian_David_Josephson" title="Brian David Josephson">Josephson</a>&nbsp;|
1974:&nbsp;<a href="Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Ryle</a>, <a href="Antony_Hewish" title="Antony Hewish">Hewish</a>&nbsp;|
1975:&nbsp;<a href="Aage_Niels_Bohr" title="Aage Niels Bohr">A. N. Bohr</a>, <a href="Ben_Mottelson" title="Ben Mottelson">Mottelson</a>, <a href="James_Rainwater" title="James Rainwater">Rainwater</a>&nbsp;|
1976:&nbsp;<a href="Burton_Richter" title="Burton Richter">Richter</a>, <a href="Samuel_Chao_Chung_Ting" title="Samuel Chao Chung Ting">Ting</a>&nbsp;|
1977:&nbsp;<a href="Philip_Warren_Anderson" title="Philip Warren Anderson">P. W. Anderson</a>, <a href="Nevill_Francis_Mott" title="Nevill Francis Mott">Mott</a>, <a href="John_Hasbrouck_Van_Vleck" title="John Hasbrouck Van Vleck">Van&nbsp;Vleck</a>&nbsp;|
1978:&nbsp;<a href="Pjotr_Leonidowitsch_Kapiza" title="Pjotr Leonidowitsch Kapiza">Kapiza</a>, <a href="Arno_Penzias" title="Arno Penzias">Penzias</a>, <a href="Robert_Woodrow_Wilson" title="Robert Woodrow Wilson">R.&nbsp;W.&nbsp;Wilson</a>&nbsp;|
1979:&nbsp;<a href="Sheldon_Lee_Glashow" title="Sheldon Lee Glashow">Glashow</a>, <a href="Abdus_Salam" title="Abdus Salam">Salam</a>, <a href="Steven_Weinberg" title="Steven Weinberg">Weinberg</a>&nbsp;|
1980:&nbsp;<a href="James_Cronin" title="James Cronin">Cronin</a>, <a href="Val_Fitch" title="Val Fitch">Fitch</a>&nbsp;|
1981:&nbsp;<a href="Nicolaas_Bloembergen" title="Nicolaas Bloembergen">Bloembergen</a>, <a href="Arthur_Leonard_Schawlow" title="Arthur Leonard Schawlow">Schawlow</a>, <a href="Kai_Siegbahn" title="Kai Siegbahn">K.&nbsp;Siegbahn</a>&nbsp;|
1982:&nbsp;<a href="Kenneth_Wilson" title="Kenneth Wilson">K. Wilson</a>&nbsp;|
1983:&nbsp;<a href="Subrahmanyan_Chandrasekhar" title="Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar">Chandrasekhar</a>, <a href="William_Alfred_Fowler" title="William Alfred Fowler">Fowler</a>&nbsp;|
1984:&nbsp;<a href="Carlo_Rubbia" title="Carlo Rubbia">Rubbia</a>, <a href="Simon_van_der_Meer" title="Simon van der Meer">van&nbsp;der&nbsp;Meer</a>&nbsp;|
1985:&nbsp;<a href="Klaus_von_Klitzing" title="Klaus von Klitzing">von Klitzing</a>&nbsp;|
1986:&nbsp;<a href="Ernst_Ruska" title="Ernst Ruska">Ruska</a>, <a href="Gerd_Binnig" title="Gerd Binnig">Binnig</a>, <a href="Heinrich_Rohrer" title="Heinrich Rohrer">Rohrer</a>&nbsp;|
1987:&nbsp;<a href="Georg_Bednorz" title="Georg Bednorz">Bednorz</a>, <a href="Karl_Alexander_M%C3%BCller" title="Karl Alexander Müller">Müller</a>&nbsp;|
1988:&nbsp;<a href="Leon_Max_Lederman" title="Leon Max Lederman">Lederman</a>, <a href="Melvin_Schwartz" title="Melvin Schwartz">Schwartz</a>, <a href="Jack_Steinberger" title="Jack Steinberger">Steinberger</a>&nbsp;|
1989:&nbsp;<a href="Wolfgang_Paul_(Physiker)" title="Wolfgang Paul (Physiker)">Paul</a>, <a href="Hans_Georg_Dehmelt" title="Hans Georg Dehmelt">Dehmelt</a>, <a href="Norman_Ramsey" title="Norman Ramsey">Ramsey</a>&nbsp;|
1990:&nbsp;<a href="Jerome_Isaac_Friedman" title="Jerome Isaac Friedman">Friedman</a>, <a href="Henry_Way_Kendall" title="Henry Way Kendall">Kendall</a>, <a href="Richard_Edward_Taylor" title="Richard Edward Taylor">R. E. Taylor</a>&nbsp;|
1991:&nbsp;<a href="Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">de&nbsp;Gennes</a>&nbsp;|
1992:&nbsp;<a href="Georges_Charpak" title="Georges Charpak">Charpak</a>&nbsp;|
1993:&nbsp;<a href="Russell_Hulse" title="Russell Hulse">Hulse</a>, <a href="Joseph_Hooton_Taylor%2C_Jr." title="Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr.">J.&nbsp;H.&nbsp;Taylor</a>&nbsp;|
1994:&nbsp;<a href="Bertram_Brockhouse" title="Bertram Brockhouse">Brockhouse</a>, <a href="Clifford_Shull" title="Clifford Shull">Shull</a>&nbsp;|
1995:&nbsp;<a href="Martin_Lewis_Perl" title="Martin Lewis Perl">Perl</a>, <a href="Frederick_Reines" title="Frederick Reines">Reines</a>&nbsp;|
1996:&nbsp;<a href="David_Morris_Lee" title="David Morris Lee">D. M. Lee</a>, <a href="Douglas_Dean_Osheroff" title="Douglas Dean Osheroff">Osheroff</a>, <a href="Robert_Coleman_Richardson" title="Robert Coleman Richardson">R.&nbsp;C.&nbsp;Richardson</a>&nbsp;|
1997:&nbsp;<a href="Steven_Chu" title="Steven Chu">Chu</a>, <a href="Claude_Cohen-Tannoudji" title="Claude Cohen-Tannoudji">Cohen-Tannoudji</a>, <a href="William_Daniel_Phillips" title="William Daniel Phillips">Phillips</a>&nbsp;|
1998:&nbsp;<a href="Robert_Betts_Laughlin" title="Robert Betts Laughlin">Laughlin</a>, <a href="Horst_Ludwig_St%C3%B6rmer" title="Horst Ludwig Störmer">Störmer</a>, <a href="Daniel_Chee_Tsui" title="Daniel Chee Tsui">Tsui</a>&nbsp;|
1999:&nbsp;<a href="Gerard_%E2%80%99t_Hooft" title="Gerard ’t Hooft">’t&nbsp;Hooft</a>, <a href="Martinus_J._G._Veltman" title="Martinus J. G. Veltman">Veltman</a>&nbsp;|
2000:&nbsp;<a href="Schores_Iwanowitsch_Alfjorow" title="Schores Iwanowitsch Alfjorow">Alfjorow</a>, <a href="Herbert_Kroemer" title="Herbert Kroemer">Kroemer</a>, <a href="Jack_Kilby" title="Jack Kilby">Kilby</a>&nbsp;|
2001:&nbsp;<a href="Eric_Allin_Cornell" title="Eric Allin Cornell">Cornell</a>, <a href="Wolfgang_Ketterle" title="Wolfgang Ketterle">Ketterle</a>, <a href="Carl_Edwin_Wieman" title="Carl Edwin Wieman">Wieman</a>&nbsp;|
2002:&nbsp;<a href="Raymond_Davis_junior" title="Raymond Davis junior">Davis Jr.</a>, <a href="Masatoshi_Koshiba" title="Masatoshi Koshiba">Koshiba</a>, <a href="Riccardo_Giacconi" title="Riccardo Giacconi">Giacconi</a>&nbsp;|
2003:&nbsp;<a href="Alexei_Alexejewitsch_Abrikossow" title="Alexei Alexejewitsch Abrikossow">Abrikossow</a>, <a href="Witali_Lasarewitsch_Ginsburg" title="Witali Lasarewitsch Ginsburg">Ginsburg</a>, <a href="Anthony_James_Leggett" title="Anthony James Leggett">Leggett</a>&nbsp;|
2004:&nbsp;<a href="David_Gross" title="David Gross">Gross</a>, <a href="David_Politzer" title="David Politzer">Politzer</a>, <a href="Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Wilczek</a>&nbsp;|
2005:&nbsp;<a href="Roy_Jay_Glauber" title="Roy Jay Glauber">Glauber</a>, <a href="John_Lewis_Hall" title="John Lewis Hall">Hall</a>, <a href="Theodor_H%C3%A4nsch" title="Theodor Hänsch">Hänsch</a>&nbsp;|
2006:&nbsp;<a href="John_Cromwell_Mather" title="John Cromwell Mather">Mather</a>, <a href="George_Smoot" title="George Smoot">Smoot</a>&nbsp;|
2007:&nbsp;<a href="Albert_Fert" title="Albert Fert">Fert</a>, <a href="Peter_Gr%C3%BCnberg" title="Peter Grünberg">Grünberg</a>&nbsp;|
2008:&nbsp;<a href="Y%C5%8Dichir%C5%8D_Nambu" title="Yōichirō Nambu">Nambu</a>, <a href="Makoto_Kobayashi_(Physiker)" title="Makoto Kobayashi (Physiker)">Kobayashi</a>, <a href="Toshihide_Masukawa" title="Toshihide Masukawa">Maskawa</a>&nbsp;|
2009:&nbsp;<a href="Charles_Kuen_Kao" title="Charles Kuen Kao">Kao</a>, <a href="Willard_Boyle" title="Willard Boyle">Boyle</a>, <a href="George_E._Smith" title="George E. Smith">Smith</a>&nbsp;|
2010:&nbsp;<a href="Andre_Geim" title="Andre Geim">Geim</a>, <a href="Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Novoselov</a>&nbsp;|
2011:&nbsp;<a href="Saul_Perlmutter" title="Saul Perlmutter">Perlmutter</a>, <a href="Brian_P._Schmidt" title="Brian P. Schmidt">Schmidt</a>, <a href="Adam_Riess" title="Adam Riess">Riess</a>&nbsp;|
2012:&nbsp;<a href="Serge_Haroche" title="Serge Haroche">Haroche</a>, <a href="David_Wineland" title="David Wineland">Wineland</a>&nbsp;|
2013:&nbsp;<a href="Fran%C3%A7ois_Englert" title="François Englert">Englert</a>, <a href="Peter_Higgs" title="Peter Higgs">Higgs</a>&nbsp;|
2014:&nbsp;<a href="Isamu_Akasaki" title="Isamu Akasaki">Akasaki</a>, <a href="Hiroshi_Amano" title="Hiroshi Amano">Amano</a>, <a href="Shuji_Nakamura" title="Shuji Nakamura">Nakamura</a>&nbsp;|
2015:&nbsp;<a href="Takaaki_Kajita" title="Takaaki Kajita">Kajita</a>, <a href="Arthur_McDonald" title="Arthur McDonald">McDonald</a>&nbsp;|
2016:&nbsp;<a href="David_J._Thouless" title="David J. Thouless">Thouless</a>, <a href="F._Duncan_M._Haldane" title="F. Duncan M. Haldane">Haldane</a>, <a href="J._Michael_Kosterlitz" title="J. Michael Kosterlitz">Kosterlitz</a>&nbsp;|
2017:&nbsp;<a href="Barry_Barish" title="Barry Barish">Barish</a>, <a href="Kip_Thorne" title="Kip Thorne">Thorne</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Weiss</a>&nbsp;|
2018:&nbsp;<a href="Arthur_Ashkin" title="Arthur Ashkin">Ashkin</a>, <a href="G%C3%A9rard_Mourou" title="Gérard Mourou">Mourou</a>, <a href="Donna_Strickland" title="Donna Strickland">Strickland</a>&nbsp;|
2019:&nbsp;<a href="James_Peebles" title="James Peebles">Peebles</a>, <a href="Michel_Mayor" title="Michel Mayor">Mayor</a>, <a href="Didier_Queloz" title="Didier Queloz">Queloz</a>&nbsp;|
2020:&nbsp;<a href="Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Penrose</a>, <a href="Reinhard_Genzel" title="Reinhard Genzel">Genzel</a>, <a href="Andrea_Ghez" title="Andrea Ghez">Ghez</a>&nbsp;|
2021:&nbsp;<a href="Syukuro_Manabe" title="Syukuro Manabe">Manabe</a>, <a href="Klaus_Hasselmann" title="Klaus Hasselmann">Hasselmann</a>, <a href="Giorgio_Parisi" title="Giorgio Parisi">Parisi</a>&nbsp;|
2022:&nbsp;<a href="Alain_Aspect" title="Alain Aspect">Aspect</a>, <a href="John_Clauser" title="John Clauser">Clauser</a>, <a href="Anton_Zeilinger" title="Anton Zeilinger">Zeilinger</a>&nbsp;|
2023:&nbsp;<a href="Pierre_Agostini" title="Pierre Agostini">Agostini</a>, <a href="Ferenc_Krausz" title="Ferenc Krausz">Krausz</a>, <a href="Anne_L%E2%80%99Huillier" title="Anne L’Huillier">L’Huillier</a>&nbsp;|
2024:&nbsp;<a href="John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">Hopfield</a>, <a href="Geoffrey_Hinton" title="Geoffrey Hinton">Hinton</a>&nbsp;|
2025:&nbsp;<a href="John_Clarke_(Physiker)" title="John Clarke (Physiker)">Clarke</a>, <a href="Michel_Devoret" title="Michel Devoret">Devoret</a>, <a href="John_M._Martinis" title="John M. Martinis">Martinis</a>
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